法院:CAFC 美國聯邦巡迴上訴法院 (Fed. Cir. 2008)
日期:2008/4/3
原告:O2 Micro International Limited (被上訴人)
被告:Beyond Innovation Technology Co., Ltd; FSP Group; Lien Chang Electronic Eerprise Co., Ltd (上訴人)
相關規範: Claim Construction; prosecution estoppels; doctrine of equivalents
O2 Micro (凹凸科技) 在東德州地方法院向BiTek (Beyond Innovation Technology, 碩頡科技) 提起專利侵權的訴訟。O2 主張 BiTek 侵害其三篇美國專利 US6,259,615 ( ‘615 專利 ), US6,396,722 ( ‘722 專利 ), US6,804,129 ( ‘129 專利 )。該些專利主要是關於 CCFL 驅動 IC 相關的技術。其中, ‘722 和 ‘129 專利係 ’615 專利之延續案,故本案均以 ‘615 專利做說明。
訴訟中的爭端在於 claim 1 的其中一個限制: a feedback control loop circuit receiving a feedback signal indicative of power being supplied to said load, and adapted to generate a second signal pulse signal for controlling the conduction state of said second plurality of switches only if said feedback signal is above a predetermined threshold;
‘615 專利在申請的過程中,曾經在答辯時,新增一些限制在獨立項,並因而取得專利。新增的部分為: only if said feedback signal is above a predetermined threshold.
在 BiTek 被控侵權的產品中,BiTek 主張有兩種情況,即使 feedback signal 低於該 predetermined threshold ,仍然會控制該第二複數個開關 (second plurality of switches)。 BiTek 根據這兩種狀況,主張 ‘615 專利中 only if 的條件未出現於 BiTek 的產品,因此未侵害該些專利。
在地方法院審理的時,雙方針對 only if 的爭議在於是否有必要針對這兩個字進行 claim construction 。被告們 (BiTek, FSP, and Lien Chang) 主張 only if 應該被解釋成 “exclusively or solely in the event that” 或 “never except when” 。原告 O2 則主張 only if 只是兩個簡單的字,沒有必要進行 claim construction 。地方法院選擇同意 O2 的說法,認為陪審團可以做出正確的判斷。
在 pre-trial proceeding 時, BiTek 向法院提出 motion in limine ,要求法院禁止 O2 在開庭時主張均等論 (Doctrine of Equivalents) ,因為 O2 在申請專利過程中修改過 claim ,因此有禁反言的問題。法院原本同意 BiTek 的要求,但是在 O2 補充資料後,法院沒有給任何具體理由,便推翻原本的裁定,准許 O2 主張均等論。
經過陪審團審理後,判定所有被告 induced infringed,Lien Chang contributorily infringed 該些專利;所有被告亦被認定 willfully infringed 該些專利。
被告不服,上訴至 CAFC 。
上訴的論點主要有兩個,第一是關於 only if 是否應該要由 claim construction 來定義,第二則是關於 O2 是否有權主張均等論。
首先,O2 主張 BiTek 沒有在開庭時針對地方法院對陪審團有關 only if 的指示做出抗議,因此 BiTek 已經放棄 (waive) 上訴關於這個部份的權利。Copyright © 2008 All rights reserved.
- O2 Micro asserts, however, that a party waives its objections to a claim construction by not objecting to the jury instructions containing (or, in this case, lacking) that construction.
- While “a waiver may occur if a party raises a new issue onl appeal…… [a] waiver will not necessarily occur … if a party simply presented new or additional arguments in support of “the scope of its claim construction…”” CCS Fitness, Inc. v. Brunswick Corp., 288 F.3d 1359, 1370-71 (Fed. Cir. 2002)
- ”determine the meaning and scope of the patent claims asserted to be infringed.” Markman v. Westview Instruments, Inc., 52 F.3d 967, 976 (Fed. Cir. 1995)
- When the parties raise an actual dispute regarding the proper scope of these claims, the court, not the jury, must resolve that dispute.
- the district court failed to resolve the parties’ dispute because the parties disputed not the meaning of the words themselves, but the scope that should be encompassed by this claim language.
- 1) “the alleged equivalent would have been unforeseenable at the time . . . the narrowing amendment” was made; 2) “the rationale underlying the narrowing amendment bore no more than tangential relation to the equivalent” at issue; and 3) “there was some other reason” suggesting that the patentee could not reasonably have been expected to have described the alleged equivalent.
